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(No Model.)

2 Sheet-Sheet 1. J. T. MORGAN 82; F. HAYDEN.

' GASFURNAGE :FOR METALLURGIG AND OTHER PURPOSES,VAND

METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME.

No. 291.386; Patented J a;n. 1, 1884.

(No Model:) 2 Shets-Sheet 2. N

J. T. MORGAN & H. P; HAYDEN. GAS FURNACE FOR METALLURGIG AND OTHER PURPOSES, AND

. METHOD OF OPERATING THE SAME. l No. 291,386. Patented Jan. I, 1884.

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i SPEGIFICA'IION forming part of Letters Patent No. 291,386, dated January 1, Application filed April 13, 1883. (No modelJ Be it known thatwe, J OI-IN T. M RGAN, a

l resident of Selma, in the county of Dallas and i 1 State of Alabama, and HENRY F. HAYDEN,. a resident of \Vashington city, in the District of Columbia, citizens of the United States, 'have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Furnaces for Metallurgic and other Purposes, and Methods for Operating the Same; and we hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of the same, in which-.

Figurel is a longitudinal vertical section of a furnace having our invention applied there- Fig. 2 is a horizontal section of the same on the dotted line, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is an en- -larged detached view of the burner.

Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the burner on the dotted line, Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is an enlarged detached View of one of the r.tuyere-walls of the mixing-chamber. l

Like letters refer tolike parts wherever they occur.

Our invention relates, broadly, to the construction of the fire-chambers of that class of furnaces, wherein, gaseous fuel is used, either certain cc nditions a neutral flame is desirable,

:in the formof vaporized hydrocarbons or as or,'if the quality of the flame is immaterial, then complete combustion can be insured and a clear, smokeless flame always secured.

In metallurgic operations it is of material importance to be able to control the character of the flame, as for some purposes and under while at other times an oXidizing-flameisrequired, and as our invention is especially adapted to such processes, we have shown it application.

in connection with a metallurgic furnace, but do not wish or intend to be limited to such an As in melting, warming in, and flattening glass and many other manufacturing processes a clear, smokeless flame is a great desideratum, it will be evident that our or of general C-form in cross-section, whereby the gaseous fuel or vapors may bedisseminated over the whole surface of the burner and fully presented to the air-supply, so as to obtain complete or perfect combustion, while, if desired, an additional supply of air, steam, or combustible gas or vapor may be admitted to the center of the hollow cylinder, and, be

ing emitted therefrom through the longitudinal slot of the cylinder, will vary the character of the flame according to the nature of the gas, &c., employed; second, in the combina tion of such a burner with an air-mixing chamher having interrupted or tortuous passages, which cause the thorough iuterminglingof the air, gases, 8m, so as to render the flame of uniform character, the quality of the flame depending on the relative proportions of air, steam, and gas or hydrocarbon vapors admitted' and admixed; third, in constructing the walls which form the tortuous passages of the mixing-chambers of a series of hollow perforated fire-brick partitions, which we term tuyere-walls,;so that there may be introduced into the flame in the mixing-chamber, at any time before it reaches the workingchamber, either steam, air, or gas, or all three, so as to change at will the nature of the flame. There are also minor features, which will hereinafter more fully appear.

FFI CE; I x

ALAB MA," AND HENRY r. HAYDEN, or wAsH rneroiwnrsrnrcr or COLUMBIA. i

taauamr FORMETALLURGIC AND OTHER-PURPOSES, AND METHOD OF'OPERATlNG THE SAME.

We will now proceed to describe our invention more specifically, so that others skilled in the art to which it appertains may apply the same. a

a puddling-furnace with heartha and stack a. f

' At that part ofthe furnace usually occupied by the fire-chamber, its grate, &c., we form an air chamber or well, B, into which, preferably near the bottom, we admit the air to supply combustion by means of an air-pipe, G, which IOC . 9 In the drawings, A indicates the walls of a a fan or other suitable means of obtaining a forced blast, if desired.

In order to obtain access to the air chamber or well B, a door or manhole, b, is provided. The air-well B connects above the mixingchamber D, which delivers into the workingchamber of the furnace.

Arranged in the upper part of the air chamber or well B, and opposite the mouth of the mixing-chamber, is the burner E. This burner E is in the form of a hollow jacketed cylinder, slotted longitudinally, as at Fig. 4, so as in cross-section to have the general form of the letter O. The jacketing of the cylinder forms an uninterrupted annular chamber, 0, (see Fig. 4,) which is supplied with combustible gas or vapor by a valved supply-pipe, c,w-hich may enter the air-well B directly through the rear-wall, as shown in Fig. 1, or through-the side wall, as shown in Fig. 2, whichever may be'ifound more practicable or convenient. The

- outer shell or jacket is perforated at intervals all around, so that any number of fine jets of gas are projected from the cylindrical burner in all'directions, and being met by the air-blast from the'well B, which envelops the cylinder, very perfect combustion can be obtained.

F indicates a valved pipe, which delivers into the tubular center of the burner E. The opposite end of the burner is closed by the wall of the furnace or bya suitable head. This pipe F is employed either to deliver air, steam, liquefied bitumen, vaporized hydrocarbons, or fixed gases, according to the object in view; but whatever is so delivered to the center of burner E will issue in a sheet through slot 0, and in order -to obtain a uniform discharge along the whole length of the burner, it is preferable to cause the slot todiverge or widen gradually from the receiving end (pipe F) to the opposite end.

'1) indicates the mixing-chamber, which, in its simplest form, will consist of a series of pendent and standing cross-walls extending up or -down somewhat less than the height of chamber 1), so as to form interrupted or zigzagpassages, which thoroughly break up and intermingle the flame, gases, 8:0. The preferred form of these walls d, however, is that shown in the drawings-that is to say, they may be made of German fire-clay or oth er suitable highly refractory material, with sloping sides, hollow center, and perforated walls. The hollow center and perforated wallsenable us to introduce into the flame either steam, air, hydrocarbon vapors, gases, or several of these agents at once, and thus to temper, control, andchange the character of the flame in the'miXing-chamber just as it enters the working-chamber. I

For the purpose of supplying gas, air, &c., to the hollow perforated tuyere-walls d, a series of supply-pipes, d d d, with suitable valves, are provided. By making theparts d'tapering, we are enabled to withdraw the old tuyeres (I when injured and replace them with new, the pendants being simply lifted out, while those in the bridge-wall may be withdrawn through the side of the furnace, as at e,- or, if preferred, those in the bridge -wall may be built in. YVhere the tuyere-walls d are inserted, as first specified, the joints between the parts d and the furnace-walls will be luted up in the usual way.

Owing to the preferred form and the function of the parts (I, we have termed them tuyere-walls.

The construction being substantially as hereinbefore specified, the device will operate as follows: Vapors of hydrocarbon or combusti- 8o ble gas, having been admitted (from any suitable generator or source) through supply-pipe c to annular chamber 0 of burner 0, issue in fine jets all over the surface of the cylinder, where the jets meet and combine with the blast rising in air-well B, which air-blast will, as it is under pressure and confined by the side walls, completely envelop the cylindrical burner and insure complete combustion thereat. The highly -heated products of combustion will then be projected into the tortuous passages of mixing-chamber D, whence they pass to the working-chamber of the furnace. Where a clear flame is desired, the furnace may have only this construction, or, if constructed as fully shown, may only be so operated. WVhere, however, an oxidizing-flame is required,steam may be admitted (or an additional supply of air) by means of pipe F to the center of the cylindrical burner, and will be projected in a sheet through the slot 0 or. if a neutral or smoky flame is desired, bituminous matters,

' hydrocarbons, or hydrocarbon vapors may be passed through pipe F into the center of the burnerE, and, issuingtherefrom,willsuroharge the flame with carbonaceous matter, and thus change its character. It will thus be seen that by means of the burner shown andthe mixing-chamber the character and quality of the flame can be sufficiently well controlled for most manufacturing purposes. WVhen it is desired, however, to further manipulate the flame before it enters the hearth, air, steam, or gases (either or all) may be introduced into the flame in the mixing-chambers, as before specified.

In treating various ores, metal, 8m. it is sometimes desirable to introduce hydrocarbon vapors and other gases into or over the mass in the working-chamber, and for this purpose we have provided pipes H, which may "open into the hearth a by one or more branches, 7, at'any desirable point, so that an atmosphere or" hydrocarbon-gas may be maintained in the working-chamber above the metal. These pipes H preferably enter at the rearof the furnace, on opposite sides and just below the br'idgewall, as shown, so that after the treatment of the metal upon the hearth a, when the fire has been drawn and before removing the metal from the hearth, it may be subje'c'tedto the action of carbonaceous vapors or gases manufacturers.

by admitting said gasesthrough the pipes H and permitting them to fill the working-chamber.

Ihe advantages of our invention are that by means very simply and readily repaired we are enabled to perfectly control the flame of gas-furnaces, so asto obtain either a neutral or an oxidizing flame or the most perfect com- I bustion with intense heat and a clear flame,

thus adapting thegas-furnaces to the wants of Wherever herein we have used the word a flame with reference to the burner and initial combustion,we wish to be understood as indicating the highly-heated gaseous product resulting from complete combustion.

WVe are aware that it is a common custom to tion, and do not herein claim the same; but we arenot aware that it has ever been proposed to introduce air and gases into the highly-heated products of perfect combustion in amixingchamber before the same enter the workingchamber, in orderto control the character of the flame, so as to render it oxidizing, neutral, or smoky, and thus avoid the reduction of the temperature at the initial point of combustion, which results from the former methods; and therefore,

Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is" 3 1. The method herein described for controlling and varying the character of the flame in m etallurgic and like furnaces, which consists in first bringing together the proper volumes of air and gas to produce complete combustionat the point of initial combustion, and then surcl arging the flame with oxidizing or carburizing gases between the point of initial combustion and the working-chamber of the furnace, substantially as and for the purposes specified.

2. A burner for gas-furnaces, having a general C form in cross-section, and consisting of alongitudinallyslotted hollow cylinderhaving a reticulated or closely-perforated jacket, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

3. In a gas-furnace, the combination of a burner consisting of a hollow longitudinallyslotted cylinderhaving aperforated jacket, and a supply-pipe arranged to deliver into the hollow center of the longitudinally-slotted burner,

substantially as and for the purpose specified.

4. In a gas-furnace, the combination of a burner consisting of a hollow longitudinallyslotted cylinder having aperforated or reticulated jacket, and a mixing-chamber having a series of pendent and projecting walls which divide the chamber into zigzag or irregular passages, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

5. In a gas-furnace, the combination,with a mixing-chamber divided into zigzag passages by a series of hollow perforated projecting walls, of a gas-burner arranged at the mouth of the mixingchamber to deliver the flamethereto, substantially as and for the purpose speci= fled.-

6. In a mixing-chamber for metallurgic and similar gas-furnaces, the combination of a se- "ries of hollow, perforated, detachable crosswalls of less height than the mixing-chamber, and arranged alternately above and below to form zigzag or irregular flamepassages, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

In testimony whereof we affix our signatures, in presence of two witnesses, this 12th dayof April, 1883.

JOHN T. MORGAN. HENRY F. HAYDEN. Witnesses: H. B. MoUL'roN,

J. W. BITTER, J r,- 

